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General Presentation
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CAS N° : 8023-99-2
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EINECS number : 84012-35-1
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FEMA number : 2906
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Appearance : Dark green liquid
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Density :
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Volatility : Base
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Price Range : €€€€
Physico-chemical properties
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Optical rotation : Donnée indisponible
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Vapor pressure : Donnée indisponible
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Refractive Index @20°C : Donnée indisponible
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Acid Value :
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Flash Point :
Uses
Uses in perfumery :
Used in leather, woody and oriental notes, to bring a sweet and oriental facet.
Major Components :
Data not available.
Photo credits: ScenTree SAS
Botanical name :
Pinus sylvestris L.
Synonyms : Pinus erzeroomica Calvert ex Godr. // Pinus sylvestris f. aurea (A.H.Kent) Beissn.
Botanical profile :
Scots pine is a species of pine of the Pinaceae family and the genus Pinus.
Chemotypes :
Scots pine has two different chemotypes: one is ssp. sylvetris and the other contains δ-3-Carene.
Other pines are commonly used in perfumery including:
The longleaf Indian pine from the Himalayas (Pinus roxburghii); the black pine (Pinus nigra), whose two subspecies are the laricio pine of Corsica and Calabria, and the black pine of Austria; the Swiss pine (Pinus cembra); the mountain pine (Pinus montana); the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster); the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) are pines originating in Eurasia, such as the Scots pine.
The white pine (Pinus strobus), the red pine (Pinus resinosa), the jack pine (Pinus divaricata) and the western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) are pines from North America.
The difference made between a pine (genus Pinus) and a fir (genus Abies) lies in the arrangement of their needles: the needles of the pine inserted in groups of two, three or five, and the needles of the fir are arranged one by one to the twigs.
Extraction process :
Scots pine can grow up to 40 metres high on poor, siliceous soils. The part treated to obtain the essential oil of Scots pine is its branches of needles. The tree is generally grown from July to September in Siberia. The month of harvest can have an influence on the composition of the essential oil.
Whole trees are uprooted in order to easily separate the needle branches from the wood of the tree, that is used in other industries. Generally, machines used to uproot trees also make it possible to ''shave '' the trunk and remove branches and twigs.
At the factory, the needle branches are directly introduced into the extractor. A first extraction takes place, using hexane. This solvent makes it possible to obtain a pine concrete in a few hours, following the removal of the branches from the extractor, and the solvent by evaporation. This concrete is then chilled in alcohol, imposing a temperature ramp from 60°C to 0°C to the mixture to precipitate the waxes. By filtration, then evaporation of the solvent, the pine absolute is obtained.
Often, the resin of the wood is used to extract Turpentine EO, which has a high added value and a stronger smell. In addition, steam distillation of the dried twigs makes it possible to obtain Scots Pine EO.
Other comments :
The difference between a pine tree and a fir tree is made in the grouping of their needles. In the case of pine, they are grouped and attached to the branches. In the case of fir, they are independently attached to the branches.
Very often, pine essential oil and turpentine oil allow the extraction of various terpenes such as pinene, carene and many others.
Volatile solvent extraction of a pine brings a very different chromatographic profile as for an essential oil. The resulting smell is warmer, more caramelized and less terpenic than an essential oil.
Stability :
Terpenes present in this essential oil are subjected to polymerization under the effect of a strong oxydation.
Regulations & IFRA
Allergens :
This ingredient does not contain any allergen.
IFRA 51th :
This ingredient is restricted by the 51th amendment
Annexe I :
Some regulated synthetic ingredients are found in nature and in certain proportions in natural ingredients. This presence in nature has to be taken into account when calculating limits of use recommended by the IFRA. In case you do not know these concentrations, you can use the ones estimated by the IFRA. Here they are :
| List of regulated compounds contained in this ingredient | ||
|---|---|---|
| Regulated ingredient name | CAS N° | Estimated Concentration |
| l-Carvone | 6485-40-1 | 0,001 |
| Eugenol | 97-53-0 | 0,02 |
| Isoeugenol | 97-54-1 | 0,01 |
| Longifolene | 475-20-7 | 0,09 |
| 2-Hexenal | 505-57-7 | 0,02 |
